Not associated with any "gods" as such; there are a large number of [folktales][1] containing items with exponential growth. 

The [Aarne-Thompson classification system][2] groups many of these stories into category, AT 565. One of the best-known of these is ***[Why the Sea is Salt][3]***, where an out-of-control salt mill grinds out an endless amount of salt.

The goings-on in ***[The Sorceror's Apprentice][4]*** certainly smacks of the Lernaean Hydra, but that one is more literary than folkloric.

And of course there is the matter of how darn fast that [beanstalk][5] grew...

[1]:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folktale

[2]:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarne%E2%80%93Thompson_classification_systems

[3]:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_the_Sea_is_Salt

[4]:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice

[5]:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk